GTU:Electrical Engineering :Sem8:Teaching Scheme

GTU:Electrical Engineering :Sem8:ADVANCED POWER ELECTRONICS II

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B.E. SEMESTER : VIII
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Subject Name: ADVANCED POWER ELECTRONICS II

Sr.No.
Course Contents
Total Hrs

1. INTRODUCTION OF FACTS DEVIECES:
Introduction: Background, Electrical Transmission Networks, Flow of power in AC system
and conventional control mechanisms, Definition of Flexible ac Transmission Systems
(FACTS) and brief description, possible benefits from FACTS, Emerging Transmission
Networks.
06

2. REACTIVE - POWER CONTROL IN ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION
SYSTEMS:
Reactive Power, Uncompensated Transmission Lines, Compensation : Shunt
Compensation, Series Compensation, Effect of compensation on power-Transfer Capacity
08

3. PRINCIPLES OF CONVENTIONAL REACTIVE-POWER COMPENSATORS:
Synchronous Condensers, The Saturated Reactor (SR) , The Thyristor- Controlled Reactor
(TCR), The Thyristor-Controlled Transformer (TCT) , The Fixed Capacitor-Thyristor-
Controlled Reactor (FC-TCR) , The Mechanically Switched Capacitor-Thristor-Controlled
Reactor (MSC-TCR), The Thyristor-Switched capacitor and Reactor, The Thyristor-
Switched capacitor-Thyristor-Controlled Reactor (TSCTCR), A Comparison of Different
SVCs, Summary
12

4. HVDC TRANSMISSION-DEVELOPMENT:
Introduction, Historical Development, Equipment required for HVDC System, Comparison
of AC and DC transmission, Limitation of HVDC Transmission Lines, Applications
04

5. HVDC CONVERTORS:
Introduction, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), HVDC Convertor Valve and Valve
Assembly, HVDC –VSC Operation and Principles, Three Phase Six Pulse Converter using
SCRs, Twelve Pulse Bridge Converters.
06

6. SIX PULSE CONVERTER OPERATION AND ANALYSIS:
Introduction, Conduction Sequence in Six Pulse Converter, Ideal Commutation Process
without Gate control, DC output Voltage, Gate control of valve, Analysis of Voltage
Waveform with overlap angle, Voltage dropped in PU Quantities, Complete Characteristics
Of converter as Rectifier /Inverter, Analysis of Twelve Pulse Converter, Power flow in
HVDC Link, Operation and Analysis Of VSC converters
06

7. CONTROL OF HVDC CONVERTER AND SYSTEM:
Introduction, Mechanism of AC power Transmission, Principles of Control, Necessity of
Control in case of DC link, Rectifier Control, Compounding Of Rectifier, Power Reversal
in DC link, Voltage Dependent Current Order Limit- Characteristics of Converter, System
Control Hierarchy and Basic Philosophy, Inverter Extinction Angle Control (EAG)
06


Reference Books:
1. Thyristor-based FACTS controller for Electrical Transmission Systems: R. Mohan Mathur, R K
Verma, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002
2. Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC transmission Systems, Delhi
Publishers, ISBN-13: 9788186308790, N.G. Hingorani and L.Gyugyi, Standard Publishers, Delhi,
2001
3. FACTS Controllers in Power Transmission & Distribution: Padiyar K R, New Age International
(P) Limited.
4. HVDC Transmission: S Kamakshaiah, V Kamaraju , McGrawHill, ISBN: 9780071072533
5. Reactive Power Control in Electric Systems: T J E Miller, John Willey
6. Power System Stability and Control, Prabha Kundur, Tata McGraw-Hill

GTU:Electrical Engineering :Sem8:ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM II

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B.E. SEMESTER : VIII
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Subject Name: ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM II

Sr. No.
Course Contents
Total Hrs

1. An Introduction to State Estimation of Power Systems:
Introduction, Least Square Estimation: The Basic Solution, Static State Estimation of
Power systems, Tracking State Estimation of Power systems, Some Computational
Considerations, External System Equivalence, Treatment of Bad Data, Application of
Power System State Estimation.
12

2. Power System Security:
Introduction, System State Classification, Security Analysis, Contingency Analysis,
Sensitivity Factors
08

3. Reactive Power Control and Voltage Stability:
Introduction, Power Flow in a Two-bus system, Voltage Regulation in a Transmission
system and its Relation with Reactive Power, Uncompensated Transmission Line
Review of Basic Concepts, Uncompensated Radial Transmission Line on Open
Circuit, Uncompensated Radial Transmission Line under Heavy Loading Condition,
Expression of Midpoint Voltage in a Line Terms of Real Power Flow and Line
Length, Reactive Power Requirement of an Uncompensated Line, Reactive Power and
Voltage Collapse, Changes in Power System Contributing to Voltage Collapse,
Concepts of Stability of Transmission System, Definition and Classification of
Voltage Stability, Mechanism of Voltage Collapse, Analytical Concept of Voltage
stability for a Two-bus System, Expression for Critical Receiving End Voltage and
Critical Power Angle at Voltage Stability Limit for a Two-bus Power System,
Relation of Voltage Stability and Rotor Angle Stability, Factors Affecting Voltage
Stability, Role of Transformer on Voltage Control of a Power System, Reactive
Compensation Methods for Heavily Loaded and Voltage Stressed Power Systems to
Enhance Voltage Stability
10

4. Load Forecasting Techniques: Introduction, Forecasting Methodology, Estimation
of Average and Trend Terms, Estimation of Periodic Components, Estimation of ys(k):
Time series Approach, Long Term Load Predictions Using Econometric Models,
Reactive Forecast.
08

5. Preventive, Emergency and Restorative Control:
Introduction, Normal and Alert State in a Power System, Emergency Control,
Emergency Control An Example, A Blackout, Power System Restoration
06

6. Power System Structures:
A vertically integrated utility, Structure of a Deregulated Industry, Indian Scenario,
Concluding Notes
04

Reference Books/Resource:
1) Modern Power System Analysis by D.P. Kothari, I.J. Nagrath, TMH Pub., 4th Edition.
Topics [1, 2, 4]
2) Power System Analysis Operation and Control by Abhijit Chakrabarti, Sunita Halder, PHI
Publication, 3rd Edition : [Topic 3 ]
3) Web Course: Power System Operation and Control by Prof A. M. Kulkarni, NPTEL. Available
at : http://nptel.iitm.ac.in, Topics : [5-6]
4) Power Generation Operation and Control by A. J. Wood, B.F. Wollenberg, John Wiley
5) Power System Analysis by T.K. Nagsarkar, M.S. Sukhija, Oxford Pub.
6) Power System Analysis by J.J. Grainger, W.D. Stevenson Jr., TMH Edition
7) Power System Analysis and Design by Glover D., Sarma M., Thomson Publishers

Suggested Laboratory Work:
1) Simple Problem on State Estimation using any programming language.
2) Problem solving of Load Fo
3) Recasting using any programming language.
4) Study of Electric Market Restructuring.
5) Study of PV, QV curves, Voltage Stability Using POWERWORLD Simulator (Demo Version).
The visits to Load Dispatch Center, 400 kV substation and Generating stations are suggested. The
purpose of these visits is to give all students the exposure to operation and control of power system.

GTU:Electrical Engineering :Sem8:ADVANCED PROCESSOR AND CONTROLLERS

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B.E. SEMESTER : VIII
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Subject Name: ADVANCED PROCESSOR AND CONTROLLERS

Sr. No.
Course Contents
Total Hrs

1. Programmable Logic Controller:
An overview of PLC, General programming procedure, Input and Output module
interfacing, Programming ON/OFF inputs to produce ON/OFF outputs, Relation of
digital gate logic to contact / coil logic, Creating ladder diagrams from process control
descriptions, Basics of register.
PLC Functions: Timer function, Counter function, Arithmetic function, Number
comparison functions, Numbering systems and number conversion function, Skip and
Master control relay functions, Jump functions, PLC data move systems, Digital bit
functions and applications, Sequencer function.
Analog PLC operations, Applications of PLCs: Stepper motor control, Speed control of
D.C. motor & Induction motor, Lift/Elevator control, Water level control, Traffic
control, Temperature control.
16


2. Digital Signal Processing:
Discrete Time Signals & Systems: Introduction, Discrete time signals, Discrete time
systems, LTI system, Properties of LTI systems.
Z-Transform: ROC, Properties of Z-transform, Inverse of Z-Transform.
08


3. Digital Signal Processor:
Introduction to TMSLF2407 DSP Controller: Introduction, Brief Introduction to
Peripherals, Types of Physical Memory and Introduction to Software tools (For
Practical Work).
C2xx DSP CPU and Instruction Set: Introduction to the C2xx DSP core and code
generation, The component of C2xx DSP Core, Mapping external devices to the C2xx
core and the peripheral interface, Introduction to system configuration register,
Memory, Memory addressing modes, Assembly programming using C2xx DSP
Instruction Set.
General Purpose I/O Functionality: Pin multiplexing and general purpose I/O overview,
Introduction to Multiplexing and general purpose I/O Control registers, General purpose
I/O ports, General purpose I/O programming.
Interrupts on the TMS320LF2407: Introduction to interrupts, Interrupts hierarchy,
Interrupt control registers.
The Event Managers: Overview of event manager, Event manager interrupts –
Introduction to Interrupt Flag registers, General purpose Timers – GP timer inputs and
outputs, GP counting operation, Introduction to control register associated with GP
timer, GP timer compare registers, GP timer period registers, GP timer interrupts, PWM
output and GP timer compare operation, Compare unit, Input and output of the compare
unit, Operation of compare unit, Dead band generation, Register set up for compare
unit, Compare unit interrupts, Introduction to Data memory mapped registers associated
with compare units, Capture units and Quadrature encoded pulse (QEP) – Operation of
capture unit, Capture Stack interrupt flag operation, QEP circuitry, Introduction to
capture unit/QEP control register.
24


Experiments:
1. Programs explain uses of different addressing modes and instructions are to be performed.
2. Above programs using C language are to be performed.


Reference Books:
1. Programmable Logic Controllers: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, WEBB, JOHN W.,
REIS, RONALD A., Fifth Edition, PHI
2. Programmable Logic Controllers by John R. Hackworth, Frederick D. Hackworth, Pearson
Education Inc.
3. Digital Signal Processing, Palan N. G., TechMax Publication
4. DSP-Based Electromechanical Motion Control, Hamid A. Toliyat, G.Campbell, CRC Press,
Indian Edition

GTU:Electrical Engineering :Sem8:COMMISSIONING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B.E. SEMESTER : VIII
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Subject Name: COMMISSIONING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS

Sr. No.
Course Contents
Total Hrs

1. Transformer:
Testing procedure for HV testing ,Phase shifting/ phase group , Radio
interference, Ratio Test , Load loss ,Separate source voltage testing ,Induced voltage
testing , Impulse & Surge testing , Noise level & vibration testing , Short circuit
withstand test ,Tan Delta test , Core insulation voltage test, Measurement of
impedance ,Testing of auxiliaries & safety device , Oil testing , Classification of
testing methods , Testing of bushing. DC & AC Resistance measurement, Temp. Rise
test, Short circuit test, Dielectric test, Partial discharge, Insulation resistance testing.
Polarity testing, Short time current rating, Impulse & surge testing, Determination of
error & accuracy class, Power frequency voltage withstand test, over voltage inter-turn
test. Determination of polarization index for transformer. Drying out procedure for
transformer. Commissioning steps for transformer, Purification & Filtration Procedure
for Transformer oil. Troubleshooting & Maintenance of transformer.
08


2. Induction Motor:
Testing (3-phase & 1-phase): Hammer test, Testing against
variation of voltage/current/frequency, Load test, NL & BR test, DC & AC,
Resistance measurement, Insulation measurement, Starting test, Temp. Rise test, Slip
measurement, HV test, Testing on auxiliaries, Vibration Test, Noise level test. Drying
out methods / Polarization Index / Hot Temperature measurement Degree of
protection (IP Grade) Commissioning steps for Induction motor, Heat Run Test.
Commissioning of Induction Generator. Troubleshooting & maintenance of induction
motor
06


3. Substation Equipments:
Bus bar Temp. Rise test, Rated short time current test, HV test, Power frequency
voltage withstand test, Impulse / surge testing, Vibration.
Earthing Earthing resistance measurement, Substation grid Earthing, Soil resistivity
measurement.
Isolator Testing Temp. Resistance test, Short circuit test, Charging current making &
breaking test, Inductive current making & breaking test.
06

4. Circuit breaker:
Testing of HV/LV circuit breaker: No load Mechanical
Operation, Mechanical endurance test, Temp. Rise test, Impulse & surge testing, short
time current test. Short circuit making & breaking test, Line Charging current making
& breaking test, Cable charging & capacitor bank making & breaking test, Out of
phase switching, Short line fault test, and Electrical & Mechanical endurance test for
LT switch gear like MCB / MCCB / ELCB etc. C.T. & P.T. Testing, Relay testing,
Coupling capacitors, Station Batteries for D.C. Supply, Fire Shifting Equipments.
Testing & Commissioning of Lightning Arrestor, Substation Commissioning by
Thermograph. Troubleshooting & maintenance of circuit breakers.
06

5. DC Machine:
Testing Voltage drop test or bar to bar test, Load test, Open circuit &
magnetizing test, Insulation resistance, Starting performance, Dielectric test.
Swinburne’s test, Hopkinson’s test, Field test, Separation of losses in DC shunt
machine. Temp. rise test & Heat run test Drying out process
Commissioning steps for DC machines Troubleshooting & maintenance
06

6. Synchronous machine: Testing
OC & SC test, Characteristics, Loss measurement, Temp. rise test , Over speed test ,
HV testing , Insulation resistance wave form interference , DC & AC Resistance of
armature & field winding measurement , Dielectric testing on armature & field
winding , Mechanical balance , Magnetic balance , Current balance , Phase sequence ,
Harmonic analysis , reactance & time constant , Speed torque current , Vibration &
noise measurement , SC test , Synchronizing circuit testing , Testing of voltage
regulators , Excitation circuit testing ,Voltage recovery test , Retardation test on load /
no load .Drying out procedure Commissioning steps for synchronous machines
Troubleshooting & maintenance.
06 

7. Commissioning of transmission line & Cable:
Derating of cable capacity, HV test,
AC & DC Resistance check, Insulation resistance, Impedance measurement, Location
finding technique for fault in underground cables (Murray loop test & Warley loop
test), Testing of open circuit faults in cables. Line charging, loading & Dropping.
04

Term work:
Term work shall be based on above syllabus.


Reference Books:
1. Testing, Commissioning & maintenance of electrical equipment By S. S. Rao, khanna publications
2. The commissioning of Electrical Plant by RCH Richardson (Chapman & Hall)

GTU:Electrical Engineering :Sem8: ELECTRICAL MACHINE DESIGN II

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B.E. SEMESTER : VIII
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Subject Name: ELECTRICAL MACHINE DESIGN II


Sr. No.
Course Contents
Total Hrs

1. Induction motor design:
Output equation, choice of specific scheme, separation of D
& L, peripheral Stator winding design, Calculation of no. of turns per phase,
conductor’s area shape of the stator slots, factors to be considered while deciding no of
stator slots, Area of stator slots, stator winding resistance, stator teeth design, depth of
the stator core, examples related to above topics, Length of the air gap.
Rotor design A. Squirrel cage rotor – selection of no. of rotor slots, harmonic induction
torque. Harmonic synchronous torque, vibration and noise, voltage ripples, rules for
selecting no. of rotor slots, Methods for reducing harmonic torque, design of rotor bars
and slots, calculation of rotor bar current, area of rotor bars, shape of rotor slots,
examples, Design of end rings, Calculation of end rings current, cross-sectional area of
end rings.
B. Design of wound rotor - calculation of number of rotor slots, no. of turns, crosssectional
area of rotor conductors, types of rotor windings, check for rotor tooth
density, design of rotor core, examples Estimation of operating characteristics- no load
current calculation, short circuit current calculation, stator and rotor resistance and
reactance calculation, examples, circle diagram, Dispersion coefficient – effect on
maximum output power factor
Performance calculation
Design aspects for large size machine, high voltage m/c, High speed m/c, algorithm and
flow chart Design of submersible motors
16


2. Design of single phase induction motor :
Types of motors, Design of main dimensions,
design of stator, Design of rotor, calculation of operating characteristic (rotor resistance,
stator resistance, iron loss, friction and windage loss etc, Design of auxiliary winding,
starting torque, circle diagram, design of capacitance for maximum torque
10
3. Synchronous machine design:
Introduction, output equations, Main dimension, SCR,
effect of SCR on machine performance Length of air gap and shape of pole face
Armature design, Armature winding (Single layer and double layer), number of
armature slots, slots dimension, length of mean turns, calculation of armature resistance
and reactance Design of rotor , Design of magnetic circuit, Open circuit characteristic
Determination of full load field MMF, Design of field winding Determination of direct
and Quadrature axis synchronous reactance Short circuit characteristics, Performance
evaluation Design of Turbo alternators, Main dimension, Length of air gap, Stator &
Rotor design Algorithms and Flow chart Design consideration for low speed alternators
and vertically operated alternator
16

Term work:
1. Design of 3 phase I.M
2. Drawing sheet of 3 phase I.M with circle dia
3. Drawing and description of syn. M/c components
4. Design of syn. m/c
5. Tutorials of single phase I.M and Submersible pumps


Books:
1. A Course in electrical machine design – A. K. Sawhey, Dhanpat Rai and Sons
2. Electrical machine design – R. K. Agrawal, S.K. Kataria & Sons
3. Design of Electrical machines – V. N. Mittle, Standard Publishers Distributors